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Nutrients

The seven major categories of nutrients carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, the protein, vitamins and water.

These nutrient classes can be classified as obese - the nutrients (in relatively large quantities required), or nutrition (small amount) needed. The macro nutrients carbohydrates, fats, fiber, protein and water are. The vitamin and mineral nutrition are.

The macro nutrients except that the fiber and water is measured in Joules or calories, energy, provided (often "calories" and called the village with a capital C, to distinguish them from written calories). Supply of carbohydrates and protein per gram of 17 J energy (4 kcal), fat, while 37 KJ per gram (9 kcal) supplied. vitamins, minerals, fiber, water and energy, but for other reasons are required.

Carbohydrates and fat molecules of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are. Carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, galactose) simple monosaccharides complex polysaccharides (starch) from the range. Fat triglycerides of different fatty acid glycerol monomers are bound to. Some fatty acids, but not in the diet are necessary: they can not be synthesized in the body is. Proteins, carbohydrates and fat molecules in addition to the elements are nitrogen atoms. The nitrogen - protein amino acid monomers are included, and a number of essential amino acids are. He says, and many other roles in addition to energy metabolism work when they are used as fuel, the nitrogen to reduce the burden on the locations of the kidney.

Antioxidants and other phytochemicals include nutrition.

Some or all of the food categories are a mix of nutrients. Some nutrients regularly, others are required only occasionally. Imbalance of nutrients of poor health, or a deficit caused by too much can be done.

Aspects of health

Physical health
Physical fitness for good health of the body, regular exercise and is intended, the result of a good diet and nutrition and physical health benefits for a good rest.

Local population health, a strong indicator of their length or weight, which is usually better in the diet and health increases. The life and quality of life is affected. Genetics in the length of people plays an important role. The study of human development, the regulators and their impact is known as Auxology.


Mental Health
Mental health refers to a person's emotional and psychological well-being. "An emotional and psychological condition of a person of their cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and ordinary requirements of everyday life, full use can be."

Of mental health in a way to think about how effectively and successfully the work of a person to see. Qualified and competent, normal level of stress to deal with a competent, feel, and a satisfactory relationship to independent living, and "back to refuse," or recover from difficult circumstances, all symptoms of mental health. Health conventional definition of "full and mental, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or disability", used by the World Health Organization's position is a (WHO) since 1948.

In 1986 the WHO Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in Health "is a resource for everyday life, not to be. Health is a positive emphasis on the concept, the purpose and private resources, both social and physical capabilities". Breakdown of the family such as international classification (WHO-FIC), the work, disability and health (ICF) of the International Classification and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the WHO also defined health.

Overall health is achieved by a combination of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being

Hospital Buildings

Buildings

National Health Service in Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, United Kingdom, where many modern utilitarian architecture of hospitals.
Architecture
Modern buildings and the hospital system with the ability to maximize the likelihood of infection of medical personnel to reduce the design efforts are doing. Between units for the hospital staff and patients at the time of the visit has helped to transport and less. While the special wiring, plumbing for the place, and the disposal of waste in the draft should be allowed to enter the large building for services such as radiology and operating rooms should be made.

However, the reality in the form of financial need and dictatorship is that many hospitals in the 'as' a modern, sustainable products, and often badly managed growth over decades or centuries, with utilitarian new sections are added. As a result, the Dutch architectural historian Wagenaar Corps is in many hospitals:

Catastrophes created, anonymous institutional complexes by large bureaucracies, and for which he is completely designed for the purpose for unfit conduct ... they are about, and make patients feel at home instead of do not ever work, they produce, stress and anxiety.
Some new models now more air, better views, and more pleasant color schemes such as the construction of the patient's psychological account of the hospital would require design, are trying to restore. These ideas is the 18th century, when the fresh air and nature's powers to treat the concept of providing access to their buildings by the first hospital architects in improving the working end of the Listen to .

She is still going on in many parts of the world is one other important change is the change in a quarter system (where patients are treated and placed in the common areas, more and more on the different partitions) in a room based on the environment, in a private room where patients are adjusted. So the district, specifically for medical staff as skilled, but is said and harmful to patients and their privacy is considered to be stressful for. Your own room with all patients to provide a major constraint for the construction of rooms and some private hospitals to which the privilege to charge such a high cost of hospital operations is found in.

Funding

In the modern era, hospitals, roughly, they are located or in which country or economically in the private sector of the hospital (the number one competition so far to escape the government's historic types are supported, funded by charity or religious associations).

For example, in the United Kingdom, a relatively free distribution on the issue of a comprehensive "health care funded by the state. Thus, the hospital care of relatively easily available to all legal residents (such as hospitals, but the limited resources a priority, there is a tendency to "not waiting for such systems in countries with emergency treatment, and that people often private outside the U.S., for example, can rapidly for treatment, including health care). On the other hand, in many countries, in the 20th century, a large private-based, for profit - with some of the hospital to provide care for - money "donations" other hospitals today. in the countries where such benefits for hospitals (such as during Hurricane Katrina and after the United States of America) in the form of uninsured patients in emergency situations recruitment, direct financial loss they suffer to ensure that support a clear recruitment of these patients to have discouraged.

Time-based system for the benefit of adequate quality health care for very low or no access to some of the world's best hospitals, a proportion of the population is produced. [Citation needed]

As the quality of health care in the world is a problem in hospitals is serious in this market. An independent external evaluation of the quality of care for assessing the quality of the most powerful way in which the recognition of the hospital and received by the target of an average. This recognition of the United States from Canada accreditation groups such as Canada and other countries by the Joint Commission, an international health incident are known in the form of recognition that comes from many parts of the world, the Trent accreditation scheme from Great Britain , and the Haute Authorite from France

Criticism HOSPITAL

However, hospitals with serious or rare health an important help for the patients, a place in the skills of equipment and other resources carefully, clearly, in hospitals that are endemic for this system by a number of fault criticism has been developed some other health care to consider the wrong way.

A point of criticism often take care of''the nature of the industrial, continuous treatment with the transfer personnel, patients and dehumanises skilled care such as doctors and nurses, often prevents the patient are aware of is familiar. This high pressure often hasty and impersonal treatment of employees increased works. The modern architecture and the establishment of hospitals for treatment, often faceless, many to complain about feelings for a contribution is taken as a factor.

Another criticism is that for the patients of the hospital a dangerous place, often suffering from the immune system is weak - a result of either his body or to undergo major surgery in hospital in the form of the disease in the as a result. As an example, it is estimated that the United States contract nosocomial (hospital - because) of all cases of infection as much as 10%. that a large quantity of antibiotics used in that environment, the infection often multiple different treatment methods relatively common infections such as MRSA, resistant making them particularly dangerous are

Medieval Europe / Colonial America / Modern Era

Medieval Europe

America's largest colonial Hospicio Cabañas had gone to the hospital. Guadalajara, Mexico
Les Invalides in France in the historic church of hospitals and hospitals in Europe churches.Medieval close relationship between the often Byzantine show a similar pattern to follow. The communities, the care provided by monks and nuns had with the religious. (The hospital is an old French word Hôtel-Dieu, "hostel of God.") Was associated with a number of monasteries, others and property were generally independent of income, their support for their Endowments was. Some hospitals are multi-functional, while other specific purposes leper hospitals, or as established as the poor or for pilgrims: not all sick to care for shelters. The first Spanish hospital, Visigoth Catholic bishop in 580 by Masona located in Merida, a xenodochium an inn for pilgrims was designed in the form of (most of Eulalia of Merida for the temple) and the local farmers and citizens to a hospital pilgrims . Services of the hospital patients and guests to their farms to feed used.


Colonial America
The hospital is the first hospital in the U. S. SAN NICOLAS DE turn [Calle Hostos was] Santo Domingo, Distrito Nacional in the Dominican Republic. Nicholas D. riot control Ovando, 1502-1509 of the Spanish colonial administration and the managers, December 29, 1503 approved the construction. The hospital has also apparently a church. The first phase of construction was completed in 1519 and in 1552 was created. in the middle of the 18th century left the hospital now in the Cathedral of Santo Domingo is in ruins.

Conquistador Hernán Cortés in two hospitals in North America as soon as possible: pure Conception of St. Lazarus Hospital and the hospital set up. The oldest pure Conception, the hospital now de Jesus Nazareno in Mexico City, founded in 1524 to care for the poor was.

North America north of Mexico's first hospital, the Hôtel-Dieu Quebec. This new in France in 1639 by three Augustinians from l'Hôtel-Dieu Dieppe was founded in France, the. THE RICHELIEU Cardinal's niece of King Louis XIII of the project by a royal charter was granted, and Dr. Robert Giffard the Moncel manned by colonial.


Modern Era
A secular one in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth century, the medieval concept of Christian care evolved, but the eighteenth century that the modern hospital to appear, only the medical needs of the service is started and staffed with doctors and surgeons was. The Charité (Berlin 1710) is an early example.

Man in hospital in London in 1724 by a wealthy merchant Thomas boys was established in the will. Other London hospitals and more than a century the British in other cities, a number of payments by private subscriptions. £ 2000 Private general membership of the Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia in 1751 was chartered by the British American colonies in the assembly with matching funds were made.

Vienna General Hospital opened in 1784, when (immediately), a new medical facility that gradually developed into the most important research centers of the world's largest takeover in the hospital. During the 19th century, the Second Viennese Medical School Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, Josef Škoda, Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra and Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis with the contribution of the doctors. Extension of basic medical science and advanced expertise. Moreover, the first in the world skin, eye, and ear, nose and throat clinic in Vienna as the birth of medical opinion was adopted. [Citation needed]

The middle of the nineteenth-century Europe and the United States to the public and private hospital had a kind. In continental Europe the new hospitals in general was founded and run by public money. National Health Service, the principles of the health care provider in the United Kingdom, was founded in 1948.

United States of America, a non-profit hospital in the traditional hospital, usually sponsored by a religious denomination is. One of these "poor houses of the earliest of the" what the United States by William Penn in Philadelphia was started in 1713. These hospitals because of their charitable purposes are free, but a minimum of charitable medical care is granted. The major cities and research hospitals in the large public hospitals, often by a medical school attached to the filling. In the U.S., the largest public hospital in New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, Bellevue Hospital, the oldest hospital in America, New York University Medical School linked to take over. In the late twentieth century, a series of for-profit hospitals in the United States are

Roman Empire And Medieval Islam History

Roman Empire
Rome to care and sick slaves, soldiers and Gladiators 100 BC Around valetudinaria several were later identified by archeology. However, their existence is proved, if he ever thought that as many as comprehensive as some of the only suspect, according to the classification of the building are identified, and not live through the record of medical equipment has been or could have.

The Empire State of the adoption of Christianity as the provision of care for a certain expansion. First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD the poor, widows and aliens ill in the church occupation. The cathedral in the city to order the construction of a hospital. As soon as possible in the doctor and St. Basil Sampson Constantinople was the bishop of Caesarea. Later a monastery attached to housing and care for the poor and travelers, but also as weak and ill-treatment. A separate section for lepers was.


Medieval Islam
Main article: Bimaristan
In addition, information: Islamic medicine
The medieval Islamic world to the hospital as soon as possible al-Walid ibn 'Abdul Malik's (705-715 CE rule) is 86 Ah (706-707 CE), made. This is something, but the Persian and Byzantine bimaristan nosocomia like lepers as invalid and poor people and expand its services to more than normal. All treatment and care free, and there was more than one doctor working in the hospital.

The medieval Islamic world, the word "bimaristan" an institution where the sick were welcome and to give to employees eligible for health care use. Muslim doctors in this way a hospital and a hospice, assylum or leper hospital - in the middle of the house, where they treat more than one gift from the society mad sick with different prestige were involved. Something like this' modern sense of the word in the first hospitals in the form of medieval hospitals Bimaristan consider .

The first free public hospital in Baghdad during the Caliphate of Haroon Rashid AR-opened. The first hospital in Egypt in 872 AD and the public hospitals after the Persian empire from Spain to the Maghreb and Sprang. If a system, physicians and surgeons were appointed who have developed medical students who qualified for the diploma and continue to exercise were considered to address - the first medical school in the abstract.

Between the eighth and twelfth centuries CE in the care of Muslim hospitals developed a high level. Ninth and tenth century to twenty-five employees working doctors and hospitals in Baghdad in different positions for the department. Al Qairawan hospital and mosque, in Tunisia, 830 CE under the rule in Aghlabid simple but sufficient and the hall waiting room, equipped with a place in the mosque, and a special bath. Sudan, a sign of great success with female nurses, including hospital nurses are employed. In addition to regular physicians who attended sick, there Fuqaha all body, a kind of religious physiotherapist, doctor, whose medical services, blood and bone setting cauterisation included were a group of religious scholars. During the Ottoman rule, as hospitals, psychiatric hospitals and medical madrasa in Edirne, and a number of other hospitals quickly a special pride in Turkey, Sultan Bayazid II arrived. The clergy in their facilities far beyond the contemporary treatment of patients in the scientific method works.

Hospital History

in the ancient cultures, religion and medicine are related. Know as soon as possible to institutions for the treatment of the Egyptian temples is the goal. Ointment of the Greek temples - Asclepius God for guidance from God in a dream to wait for bad faith can accept the ad hoc. Romans adopted his worship. Roman Æsculapius under his name, said Rome, where he was a ritual similar to the island in the Tiber in the temple (291 BC) was provided.

Sinhalese (Sri Lanka), and perhaps in the world devoted to the concept of hospitals are responsible for the departure. The Mahavamsa, the Sinhalese royalty 6. Century, King Pandukabhaya (4. Century BC) written in the ancient history of homes and hospitals (Sivikasotthi - Sala (built in different parts of the country was a lie. We are not particular institutions for the care of the sick anywhere in the world devoted to the earliest documentary evidence. Mihintale hospital, perhaps the oldest in the world. the old hospitals in Sri Lanka are still remnants of Mihintale, Anuradhapura, and his presence in Medirigiriya.

Institutions, particularly in India for the first time for the care of patients. King Ashoka in California (at least 18 hospitals have been set, .230 BC, doctors and nurses, with the costs borne by the Royal Treasury. Stanley Finger (2001) of the neurological sciences in his book: the history of exploration in the functions of the brain in the form of an Ashokan decree translated says: "All the King Piyadasi (Asoka), hospitals for people and animals to the hospitals. where people, animals and plants treated with two types of building hospitals, which have been purchased and planted a" However, from University College London, and Dominique Wujastyk dispute the argument that this law and the rest of the homes of travelers Ashok () instead of the hospital, and was created for the medicinal herbs, to be misinterpreted because the reference signal / added /

The first teaching hospital where students systematically to patients in the care of doctors as part of the practice of education at the Academy of the Persian Empire in the Gundishapur ear. Specialist, "said a very large extent, and the entire hospital system, the credit of Persia," should be given argument.